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STUDII CULTURALE

Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu

Institutul Confucius Sibiu

LUMINIȚA BĂLAN

Cele patru comori ale caligrafiei chineze
文房四宝

Abstract: execution of calligraphy but also contribute to

Chinese calligraphy, or shufa (书法), is its enduring legacy as a cornerstone of Chinese
celebrated as one of the ancient artistic pillars cultural identity.
integral to the cultural and historical fabric of
China, akin to its counterparts in painting, 摘要：

music, and literature. The article delves into the 书法是中国文化和历史长河中不可
foundational elements which have been 或缺的艺术支柱之一，其地位可与绘画、
instrumental in the development and 音乐和文学等艺术形式相媲美。本文深入
preservation of this art form. The brush (笔 - bi), 探讨了被称为“文房四宝”的基本工具，这些

originating in the Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 220 工具对书法艺术的发展和传承起着关键作
CE), represents the earliest tool adapted for the 用。笔起源于汉代（公元前202年至公元
fluid expression of Chinese characters. The 220年），是最早用于书写汉字的工具。墨
inkstone (墨 - mo), traditionally made from 传统上由石墨或朱砂等矿物制成，设计简

minerals like graphite and cinnabar, was 便，易于储存和携带，使用历史可追溯至
designed for easy storage and mobility, with 同一时期。宣纸，作为中国四大发明之
usage dating back to the same dynasty. The 一，在东汉时期发明，它通过将墨水与纤
evolution of paper (宣纸 - zhi), one of China's 维混合，创造了一种坚韧且高度吸墨的书

significant inventions, during the Eastern Han 写媒介，极适合书法。砚 自公元前四世纪
Dynasty, facilitated the blending of ink and 以来一直是书法不可缺少的工具，最早的
fiber to create a resilient, absorbent medium 砚台在五千多年前的洛阳考古现场被发
ideal for calligraphy. Lastly, the inkstone (砚 - 现。这四宝不仅提升了书法的技术执行

yan), essential since the 4th century BCE and 力，更彰显了其作为中国文化身份的重要
discovered in archaeological sites over 5000 象征。
years old, completes the quartet, underscoring Key words: Chinese calligraphy, brush (笔-
the meticulous craft involved in calligraphic bi)，paper (宣纸- xuanzhi), solid ink stick (墨-

practices. This exploration highlights how mo), inkstone (砚- yan).
these treasures not only enhance the technical

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