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However, Wang Li (1985) also points out that "sometimes a disposition does not really mean a
disposition; it simply means that one thing is the result of another." This kind of thing is often a bad
thing, or involuntary thing ", Wang Li later called this kind of "take" words as "follow the situation".
Lu Shuxiang (1980) also put forward the theory of causation on the basis of the theory of
disposition, holding that there are two kinds of grammatical meanings of the word "ba", one is
"disposition" and the other is "causation".
Xue Fengsheng (1987) describes it as "because of A, B becomes the state described by VP".
Cui Xiliang (1995) divides the sentence into two categories: the result class and the modal
vector class.
On the basis of Cui Wen, Jin Lixin (1997) divides the words "to" into three categories:
1. Result type: Because of the relationship between A, B has changed in some way
2. Modal class: When A acts on B, A or B has a certain condition.
3. Momentum category: A performs a specific amount of behavior on B, and the semantic
focus of the sentence "ba" is not necessarily on the following supplementary components, but may
also fall on the components before the verb, so the speaker can use this semantic feature to make the
object emphasized.
Lv Wenhua (1994) classifies the semantic types of "ba" sentences into five categories by
collating the corpus:
(1) Denotes the shift of position or the transfer of relations of a certain thing due to action.
Sentence 1: S+ put +N1+V in +N2 (place noun)
Example 1: Put the book on the table.
Sentence 2: S+ +N1+V +N2 (noun for time, degree, and abstract things).
Example 2: For my book, I have brought you to this point.
Sentence 3: S+ gives +N1+V to +N2 (N2 is the object after the transfer of things)
E.g.3: Please hand him your timetable.
(2) indicates that a certain thing has undergone a certain change due to action, resulting in
a certain result.
Sentence 1: S+ + +N+RC (RC denotes result complement)
Sentence 2: S+ puts +N+V+ (RC) + in/out
Sentence 3: S+ + +N+V+ is +VP/AP
Sentence 4: S+ +N+V+O
(3) indicates that the action is connected with a certain thing, or is connected in some way.
Sentence 1: S+ +N+V(one/two)V
Sentence pattern 2: S+ +N ten V
Sentence 3: S+ +N+ a V
Sentence 4: S+ +N+AV (A= modifier before verb)
Sentence 5: S+ +N+V+M (M= frequency of action)
(4) To identify a certain thing as another thing, or to change a thing into another thing that
has an equivalent relationship in nature and characteristics through action.
Sentence pattern: S ten +N1+V becomes/as +N2
(5) A word that expresses dissatisfaction
Sentence 1: S+ makes +N+V+le
Sentence 2: S+ +N+V+ other
Sentence 3: S put +N (to do) +C+ other
(6) The causative "ba" sentence
Sentence 1: S+ put +N (deed) +V ten others
Sentence 2: S (non-biological) + put +N+V+ other

1.2 The structure of the "ba" sentence

As for the structure of the "ba" sentence, Xue Fengsheng (1987) summarized the
grammatical structure of the "ba" sentence as "A to B+VP". Cui Xiliang (1995) refers to the
structure of "(A) B+VP" as a typical "ba" sentence, where VP is a predicate structure or a

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