Page 45 - Caietele_Confucius_11_2024

2.1 Comparison between the subject of Chinese "ba" sentence and the corresponding
component of Ke language

The subject of Chinese "ba" character sentence is generally served by body parts, such as:
E.g. 1: The teacher put the book on the desk.
E.g.2: I dropped my friend off at the station.
E.g.3: The noise outside woke me up.
E.g.3: The noise outside woke me up.
E.g.34: The money is not earned, but the husband ran away.
Example 1 is the noun as the subject, example 2 is the pronoun as the subject, example 3 is the
definite phrase as the subject, and example 4 is the case where the subject is vacant.
Ke language uses the way of "object + affix" to express the meaning of disposal, here let's
temporarily translate the affix into "ba". In such a sentence pattern, the subject is usually also served
by the body element, such as:

ۇﺪ ﻗ پﯘ ﻗ ﯡﻧﯣﺘﺳۉ ﻧﺎﺗرﺎ ىﺪ ﺘﯩﻛ ﻢﯩﻟﺎﻋﯘﻣ ①
了 放 上面 桌子 （把）书 老师

ىﺪﻟ ﻛ ﭗﯩﻟا ىدرەﺪﻤﯩ ﯩﻛ نﻮﻌﻟﻮﺑ پﯘﻟۇﯘﺟ لا ②
了 拿回 （把）衣服 洗好的 他

ۇﺪ ﻗ ﻮﻋﻮﻨ ﯩﻗ ﯣﺘﻛﯣﻟﯣﭽ ﻛ زﺎﻋﺎﻗ ﻮﻨ ﺳ لﯘﺑ ③
了 难住 （把）大家 试卷 这张

ىد ﭼﺎﻗ اد نﯣﺳﯡ ﻛ ، ىدﺎ ﻟا ﺎ ﺎﺗ ﺎﭽﻗا ④
跑了 却（把）老公 ，没挣着 钱

In the above examples, ① and ③ are the subject of the noun, the pronoun and the noun phrase
respectively. As can be seen from the absence of the main language, the subject of the "object + affix"
table in Ke language and the subject of the Chinese "ba" sentence can have a vacancy. It can be seen
that there is no particular difference between the subject of Chinese "ba" and the corresponding
component of the Ke language, so it is not difficult for Kirgiz students to use the subject when learning
Chinese and using "ba" self-sentence.
2.2 Comparison between the predicate of Chinese "ba" and the corresponding components of
Ke language
The predicate of "ba" sentence is acted by action verbs, which are generally transitive verbs.
Monophonic verbs are usually followed by other elements, which can be dynamic auxiliary words,
objects, complements, or at least the verb overlap or "V, V, V, V" form. Can't be a straight verb. Such
as:
E.g.1: He paid his tuition.
E.g.2: He can't carry it any more, you help him carry it.
E.g.3: He looked at the letter again.
E.g.3: You sweep the floor and I'll wipe down the table.
E.g.3: Check your papers again.
E.g.6: He kept father up all night.
In Example 1, the predicate of the sentence "ba" is composed of the monophonic verb "jiao"
and the dynamic auxiliary word "ba", indicating the completion of the action. The predicate of the
sentence "ba" in Example 2 is composed of the monophonic verb "hold" and the dynamic auxiliary
word "ba", indicating the continuation of the action.
The predicates in Examples 3 and 4 are "look" and "wipe". In Example 4 and Example 5, the
predicate of the "put" sentence is served by the verb overlap. In Example 6, the predicate of the
sentence "Ba" is acted as a complement.
The predicate component of the corresponding sentence pattern in Ke language is similar to

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